The enolase superfamily is a
superfamily of
enzymes, members of which
catalyse
Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...
a range of
reaction
Reaction may refer to a process or to a response to an action, event, or exposure:
Physics and chemistry
*Chemical reaction
*Nuclear reaction
* Reaction (physics), as defined by Newton's third law
*Chain reaction (disambiguation).
Biology and m ...
s.
The enolase superfamily includes enzymes that catalyse a wide variety of reactions and performing diverse roles in
metabolism
Metabolism (, from el, μεταβολή ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run c ...
. However, the reactions catalysed share the common
chemical
A chemical substance is a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Some references add that chemical substance cannot be separated into its constituent elements by physical separation methods, i.e., w ...
step of abstraction of a
proton from a
carbon
Carbon () is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—its atom making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon mak ...
adjacent to a
carboxylic acid and a requirement of a
divalent
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an chemical element, element is the measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules.
Description
The combining capacity, ...
metal ion
A metal (from Greek μέταλλον ''métallon'', "mine, quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typicall ...
.
This diversity of functions is in contrast to many families of enzymes whose members catalyse similar chemical reactions on different
substrates.
Members
*
Enolase
Phosphopyruvate hydratase, usually known as enolase, is a metalloenzyme () that catalyses the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the ninth and penultimate step of glycolysis. The chemical reaction is:
:2-p ...
*
Mandelate racemase
Mandelate racemase () is a bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the interconversion of the enantiomers of mandelate via an enol intermediate. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
: (S)-mandelate \rightleftharpoons (R)-mandelate
I ...
(MR)
*
Muconate lactonizing enzyme (MLE)
The primary sequences of MR and MLE, approximately 25%
identical
Two things are identical if they are the same, see Identity (philosophy).
Identical may also refer to:
* ''Identical'' (Hopkins novel), a 2008 young adult novel by Ellen Hopkins
* ''Identical'' (Turow novel), a 2013 legal drama novel by Scott T ...
, are related but significantly different; whereas their three-dimensional structures are
similar. The enzyme enolase has a more distant, but nevertheless clear, relationship to MLE and MR. The enolase superfamily has served as a model superfamily for understanding enzyme function and is one of the
protein families under study by the
Enzyme Function Initiative (EFI).
References
External links
Evolution of an enzyme active site: the structure of a new crystal form of muconate lactonizing enzyme compared with mandelate racemase and enolase.Enolase Superfamily overview from the EFI
Enzymes
Enols
Protein superfamilies
{{Enzyme-stub